The oldest known symbol of Israel is THE BURNING BUSH as mentioned in Exodus 3.
"And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a FLAME OF FIRE OUT OF THE MIDST OF A BUSH: and he (Moses) looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was NOT CONSUMED." (Exodus 3:2)
The burning bush symbolized Israel, A NATION NOT CONSUMED. In spite of many nations trying to annihilate the Jews, God has promised to preserve them and this has proven true in history.